Akt Family: Antibodies From Imgenex
Akt family of serine/threonine-directed kinases regulates a diverse array of biological processes, including cellular survival, proliferation, glucose homeostasis, and vascular tone and are important molecules in mammalian cellular signaling. The three widely expressed isoforms of PKB (PKB , PKBß and PKB ; also known as Akt1, Akt2 and Akt3, respectively) are each composed of an N-terminal PtdIns(3,4,5)P3- and PtdIns(3,4)P2-binding PH domain and a C-terminal kinase catalytic domain. Stimulation by numerous growth factors, cytokines, hormones and neurotransmitters can activate PKB/Akt in a phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent manner. Through receptor tyrosine kinases, these stimuli cause phosphoinositide 3-kinase activation, and generation of the membrane phospholipid PtdIns(3,4,5)P3. PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 then recruits PKB/Akt to the membrane, where it becomes phosphorylated (for PKB?/Akt1) by upstream kinases, phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1. Following the activation of PI 3-kinase, PKB isoforms are recruited from the cytosol to the plasma membrane through their interaction with PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and/or PtdIns(3,4)P2 where they are thought to undergo a conformational change and become activated by phosphorylation of two residues. PKB can promote cell survival by inhibiting proteins that mediate apoptosis. Phosphorylation of BAD by PKB (and other AGC kinases) enables it to interact with 14-3-3 proteins, which prevents it from binding to Bcl-XL and thereby suppresses apoptosis. It directly phosphorylate and inhibit the caspase proteasesm, key executioners of apoptosis. PKBbeta, an essential gene for the maintenance of normal glucose homeostasis and is likely to represent a critical intermediate in the insulin signal transduction pathway. PKB activation might inhibit apoptosis by promoting the increased expression of survival molecules or the degradation of pro-apoptotic molecules. PKB also phosphorylates and activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase, thereby promoting angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels). Inhibition of GSK3 following its phosphorylation by PKB has also been suggested to play a role in inhibiting apoptosis in neuronal cells. Thus it plays a key role in cancer progression by stimulating cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis, which suggests it, likely to be a hot drug target for the treatment of cancer, diabetes and stroke.
IMGENEX India Pvt Ltd. the only biotech company in Orissa and one of its kinds in Eastern India. IMGENEX India started in Oct as an outsourcing branch of IMGENEX Corporation, San Diego, USA. Find out more information about Akt Family.
About the Author
IMGENEX India Pvt Ltd. the only biotech company in Orissa and one of its kinds in Eastern India. IMGENEX India started in Oct as an outsourcing branch of IMGENEX Corporation, San Diego, USA. Find out more information about Akt Family.
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The H-Wave® Device Induces NODependent Augmented Microcirculation and Angiogenesis, Providing Both Analgesia and Tissue Healing in Sports Injuries (The Physician and Sportsmedicine) $9.99 Abstract: The hypothesis that the H-Wave® device (Electronic Waveform Lab, Inc., Huntington Beach, CA), a small-diameter fiber stimulator, is a paradigm shift of electrotherapeutic treatment of pain associated with human neuropathies and sports injuries is based on a number of its properties. The primary effect of H-Wave® device stimulation (HWDS) is the stimulation of “red-slow-twitch” skeletal… |
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Anti-hypertension – Drug Pipeline Analysis and Market Forecasts to 2016-Aarkstore Enterprise
It is the industry analysis specialist’s new report, “Anti-Hypertension – Drug Pipeline Analysis and Market Forecasts to 2016″” is an essential source of information and analysis on the global anti-hypertension market, a key segment within the pharmaceutical and healthcare industry. This pharma report identifies the key trends shaping and driving the global anti-hypertension market. The report also provides insight on the prevalent competitive landscape and the emerging players expected to bring significant shift in the market positioning of the existing market leaders. Most importantly, the report provides valuable insight on the pipeline products within the global anti-hypertension sector.
This report is built using data and information sourced from proprietary databases, primary and secondary research and in house analysis by its team of industry experts.
Scope
The scope of the report includes:
- Annualized global anti-hypertension market revenues data from 2001 to 2009, forecast forward for seven years to 2016.
- Geographies covered in this report include the US, the UK, Italy, Spain, Germany, France and Japan.
- Pipeline analysis data providing a split across different phases, mechanisms of action being developed and emerging trends. The first-in-class drugs act through new mechanisms of action such as eNOS (Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase) couplers, sodium-glucose transport 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, endothelin antagonists, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonists and cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibitors.
- Analysis of the current and future market competition in the global anti-hypertension market. Key future market-players covered are Novartis Ag, Merck & Co. Inc., AstraZeneca, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd, GlaxoSmithKline Plc, and Sanofi-Aventis.
- Insightful reviews of the key industry drivers, restraints and challenges. Each trend is independently researched to provide qualitative analysis of its implications.
- Key topics covered include strategic competitor assessment, market characterization, unmet needs and the implications for the future market associated with anti-hypertension.
Reasons to buy
The report will enhance your decision making capability in a more rapid and time sensitive manner. It will allow you to:
- Develop and design your in-licensing and out-licensing strategies through review of pipeline products and technologies and by identifying companies with the most robust pipeline.
- Develop business strategies by understanding the trends shaping and driving the global anti-hypertension market.
- Drive revenues by understanding key trends, innovative products and technologies, market segments and companies likely to impact the global anti-hypertension market in future.
- Formulate effective sales and marketing strategies by understanding the competitive landscape and by analyzing the performance of various competitors.
- Identify emerging players with potentially strong product portfolio and create effective counter-strategies to gain competitive advantage.
- Organize your sales and marketing efforts by identifying the market categories and segments that present maximum opportunities for consolidations, investments and strategic partnerships.
- What’s the next big thing in the global anti-hypertension market landscape? – Identify, understand and capitalize.
Company Mentioned
Novartis AG
Merck & Co. Inc.
AstraZeneca
Daiichi Sankyo Co.Ltd
Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH
GlaxoSmithKline
Sanofi-aventis.
For more information, please contact :
About the Author
Minal H
SEO
vinod.minal@gmail.com
http://www.aarkstore.com
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Nitric Oxide Synthase: Characterization and Functional Analysis, Volume 31 (Methods in Neurosciences) $58.88 Although the function of nitric oxide in a regulatory capacity in the central and peripheral nervous system is widely recognized, the full scope of its actions and its interrelationships with other classes of regulatory molecules is just beginning to be comprehended. This volume contains a number of sophisticated and advanced methods essential for exploring the activity of nitric oxide in the brai… |
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Nitric Oxide, Part A: Sources and Detection of NO; NO Synthase, Volume 268 (Methods in Enzymology) $13.51 Nitric oxide, recently named”Molecule of the Year”by the journal Science, impinges on a wide range of fields in biological research, particularly in the areas of biomedicine and cell and organismal biology, as well as in fundamental chemistry. This volume and its companion Volume 269 highlight the most current and up-to-date methods used to research the physiology and toxicity of nitric oxide in c… |
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