Requirements for skeletal muscle protein in sports
Skeletal muscles account for approximately 40-50% of the total mass, is ie, 28-35 kg in a 70 kg individual. The main constituents of skeletal muscle include water (75%) and proteins (20%). Of these, 20%; is most contractile proteins (myofilaments) (-11%) with small amounts of sarcoplasmic (6%) and tissue (3%) of proteins. Of the 20 amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, only 50% can be produced in the body-the rest are called essential (or essential) and that should be consumed in diet or the ability to form body proteins (structural and enzymatic) is compromised. Therefore, the supply of amino acids (type and amount of protein) in the diet plays a crucial role in muscle growth. Historically, as mentioned above, the adequacy of dietary protein was assessed by the nitrogen balance technique. This quantify the contribution of nitrogen (protein food is ~ 16% nitrogen) and excretion (urine, feces, Sweat and miscellaneous) as accurately as possible. protein intake was determined that the amount of protein in the corresponding exactly nitrogen excretion nitrogen, ie when the individual is in nitrogen balance.
Classically, the NRA per day for the proteins was determined by measuring the demand for a representative sample of the population of interest and adding a safety margin equal to two standard deviations from the mean. Statistically, this should mean that when this amount of protein is consumed, the vast majority (> 95%) of individuals representative of the population receives an adequate amount of amino acids. This margin is necessary because the requirements vary slightly between individuals. Many experiments have been performed for many years and at least among sedentary people, it is clear that the requirement of protein is about 0.6 g / kg / day. When the safety margin is included, the recommendation for protein is slightly higher (0.8 g / kg / day). Logically, it seems that for those trying to achieve or maintain muscle mass muscle protein increases the added mass may be necessary. In fact, there are data supporting this idea, but there is little consensus on this issue. Complicating the problem is that the state of nitrogen (Balance) technique is rather labor-intensive and has several limitations, the main one is the black box approach, ie can not distinguish whether changes in the balance are due to effects on protein degradation and synthesis, or oxidation of amino acids, etc.
Another way to investigate the protein requirements of the diet is the use of markers of metabolism that can see in the box "state of nitrogen black" to assess components of protein metabolism affected by an exercise or dietary treatment. This is an improvement over the state of the art nitrogen. Recent data have been obtained by this technique suggests that the current requirements of the amino acid (Determined using techniques such as nitrogen) may be underestimated by 40-90% is necessary, but still these new data controversy. In addition, some studies (as discussed below) indicate that athletes may benefit from the strength of protein intake exceeded the current RDA. Recent experiments using metabolic markers, and methods of nitrogen balance indicate that the protein needs of strength athletes probably around 1.5 g / kg / day, nearly double the current. When two errors are added, the protein RDA force athlete could be as high as 1.7 to 2.0 g / kg / day. However, it is unlikely that protein deficiency is widespread among athletes because it is difficult to obtain this amount of protein in their diet because of the high energy intake Most athletes. For example, while only 10% of energy in a 21 000 kg (5000 kcal) diet is a consumption protein regime person would receive 80 kg 1.6 g protein / kg / day. In general, the percentage of protein in the diet of the United States closer to 12-15%.
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